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FIES skew readout mode

This is the documentation for the skew readout mode of the FIES CCD. The chip is readout using coarse on-chip binning, where the binning pattern follows the curved echelle orders. The binning reduces the effective spectral resolution. This readout mode was developed by Arto Jarvinen.

There are two advantages when using this mode:

  • quick readout (e.g. for high time resolution)
  • low noise (e.g. for observing faint objects)

    Skew readout mode uses pre-defined echelle order masks to sum over orders and along dispersion direction. This mask needs to be created for each object, since the spectrograph is currently not yet in a stable environment, and slewing the telescope makes the echellogram jump around on the CCD.